POC Like You Mean It—A Hands-On Hyper-V Cluster You Can Build This Afternoon

# Enable nested virtualization on the host for each node VM
# Run on the physical Hyper-V host, NOT inside the VM
Set-VMProcessor -VMName "HV-NODE-01" -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true
Set-VMProcessor -VMName "HV-NODE-02" -ExposeVirtualizationExtensions $true

# Enable MAC address spoofing (required for nested VM networking)
Set-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName "HV-NODE-01" -MacAddressSpoofing On
Set-VMNetworkAdapter -VMName "HV-NODE-02" -MacAddressSpoofing On

# Run on a third server/VM acting as iSCSI target
Install-WindowsFeature FS-iSCSITarget-Server -IncludeManagementTools

# Create iSCSI virtual disks
New-IscsiVirtualDisk -Path "D:\iSCSIDisks\CSV-Vol-01.vhdx" -SizeBytes 100GB
New-IscsiVirtualDisk -Path "D:\iSCSIDisks\CSV-Vol-02.vhdx" -SizeBytes 100GB
New-IscsiVirtualDisk -Path "D:\iSCSIDisks\Quorum.vhdx" -SizeBytes 1GB

# Create an iSCSI target
New-IscsiServerTarget -TargetName "HyperV-POC" `
    -InitiatorIds @(
        "IQN:iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:hv-node-01.yourdomain.local",
        "IQN:iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:hv-node-02.yourdomain.local"
    )

# Map virtual disks to the target
Add-IscsiVirtualDiskTargetMapping -TargetName "HyperV-POC" `
    -Path "D:\iSCSIDisks\CSV-Vol-01.vhdx"
Add-IscsiVirtualDiskTargetMapping -TargetName "HyperV-POC" `
    -Path "D:\iSCSIDisks\CSV-Vol-02.vhdx"
Add-IscsiVirtualDiskTargetMapping -TargetName "HyperV-POC" `
    -Path "D:\iSCSIDisks\Quorum.vhdx"

Write-Host "iSCSI Target configured. Target IPs for your cluster nodes:" -ForegroundColor Green
Get-NetIPAddress -AddressFamily IPv4 |
    Where-Object { $_.InterfaceAlias -notlike "Loopback*" } |
    Select-Object InterfaceAlias, IPAddress | Format-Table -AutoSize

# ============================================================
# POC Node Configuration Script
# Run on EACH node - adjust variables per node
# ============================================================

# --- Variables (CHANGE THESE PER NODE) ---
$NodeNumber = "01"  # Change to "02" for second node
$HostName = "HV-NODE-$NodeNumber"
$MgmtIP = "10.10.10.1$NodeNumber"     # .11 for node 1, .12 for node 2
$MigrationIP = "10.10.20.1$NodeNumber"
$StorageIP = "10.10.30.1$NodeNumber"
$Gateway = "10.10.10.1"
$DNS = @("10.10.10.5")
$iSCSITargetIP = "10.10.30.100"

# --- Install Roles and Features ---
Write-Host "[$HostName] Installing roles and features..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
Install-WindowsFeature -Name Hyper-V, Failover-Clustering, Multipath-IO, `
    RSAT-Clustering-PowerShell, RSAT-Hyper-V-Tools, Hyper-V-PowerShell `
    -IncludeManagementTools -Restart

# --- Networking (simplified for POC with 2 NICs) ---
Write-Host "[$HostName] Configuring networking..." -ForegroundColor Yellow

# Get physical NIC names
$NICs = (Get-NetAdapter -Physical).Name

# Create SET switch with available NICs
New-VMSwitch -Name "SET-Switch" -NetAdapterName $NICs `
    -EnableEmbeddedTeaming $true -AllowManagementOS $true `
    -MinimumBandwidthMode Weight

# Rename default management vNIC
Rename-VMNetworkAdapter -ManagementOS -Name "SET-Switch" -NewName "Management"

# Create additional vNICs (skip VLANs if your POC lab is flat)
Add-VMNetworkAdapter -ManagementOS -SwitchName "SET-Switch" -Name "LiveMigration"
Add-VMNetworkAdapter -ManagementOS -SwitchName "SET-Switch" -Name "Storage"

# Assign IPs
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias "vEthernet (Management)" `
    -IPAddress $MgmtIP -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway $Gateway
Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias "vEthernet (Management)" `
    -ServerAddresses $DNS

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias "vEthernet (LiveMigration)" `
    -IPAddress $MigrationIP -PrefixLength 24

New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias "vEthernet (Storage)" `
    -IPAddress $StorageIP -PrefixLength 24

# --- Storage ---
Write-Host "[$HostName] Configuring storage..." -ForegroundColor Yellow

Enable-MSDSMAutomaticClaim -BusType iSCSI
Set-Service -Name MSiSCSI -StartupType Automatic
Start-Service -Name MSiSCSI

# Connect to iSCSI target
New-IscsiTargetPortal -TargetPortalAddress $iSCSITargetIP `
    -InitiatorPortalAddress $StorageIP

# Discover and connect to all targets
$Targets = Get-IscsiTarget
foreach ($Target in $Targets) {
    Connect-IscsiTarget -NodeAddress $Target.NodeAddress `
        -TargetPortalAddress $iSCSITargetIP `
        -InitiatorPortalAddress $StorageIP `
        -IsPersistent $true -IsMultipathEnabled $true
}

# --- Hyper-V Configuration ---
Write-Host "[$HostName] Configuring Hyper-V..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
Enable-VMMigration
Set-VMMigrationNetwork "$($MigrationIP.Substring(0, $MigrationIP.LastIndexOf('.'))).0/24"
Set-VMHost -VirtualMachineMigrationAuthenticationType CredSSP  # Simpler for POC
Set-VMHost -MaximumVirtualMachineMigrations 2

Write-Host "[$HostName] Node configuration complete!" -ForegroundColor Green

# Quick verification
Get-WindowsFeature Hyper-V, Failover-Clustering, Multipath-IO |
    Format-Table Name, InstallState
Get-VMSwitch | Format-Table Name, EmbeddedTeamingEnabled
Get-IscsiSession | Format-Table TargetNodeAddress, IsConnected

# ============================================================
# Cluster Creation
# ============================================================

$Nodes = @("HV-NODE-01", "HV-NODE-02")
$ClusterName = "HV-CLUSTER-01"
$ClusterIP = "10.10.10.20"

# Run cluster validation
Write-Host "Running cluster validation (this takes 10-20 minutes)..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
$ValidationResult = Test-Cluster -Node $Nodes

# Check the result
$ReportPath = Get-ChildItem "$env:SystemRoot\Cluster\Reports" -Filter "Validation*" |
    Sort-Object LastWriteTime -Descending | Select-Object -First 1
Write-Host "Validation report: $($ReportPath.FullName)" -ForegroundColor Cyan

# If validation passes, create the cluster
Write-Host "Creating cluster $ClusterName..." -ForegroundColor Yellow
New-Cluster -Name $ClusterName -Node $Nodes -StaticAddress $ClusterIP `
    -NoStorage  # We'll add storage manually

# Verify cluster creation
Get-Cluster | Format-List Name, Domain
Get-ClusterNode | Format-Table Name, State

# Verify cluster health
Get-Cluster | Format-List Name, Domain
Get-ClusterNode | Format-Table Name, State -AutoSize
# Both nodes should show "Up"

# ============================================================
# Cluster Storage Configuration
# ============================================================

# Initialize the shared disks on ONE node only (the owner)
# First, check which disks are available
Get-Disk | Where-Object { $_.PartitionStyle -eq "RAW" } |
    Select-Object Number, Size, BusType | Format-Table -AutoSize

# Initialize and format each shared disk
$SharedDisks = Get-Disk | Where-Object { $_.PartitionStyle -eq "RAW" -and $_.Size -gt 5GB }
foreach ($Disk in $SharedDisks) {
    Initialize-Disk -Number $Disk.Number -PartitionStyle GPT
    $Partition = New-Partition -DiskNumber $Disk.Number -UseMaximumSize
    Format-Volume -Partition $Partition -FileSystem NTFS `
        -AllocationUnitSize 65536 `
        -NewFileSystemLabel "CSV-$($Disk.Number)" -Confirm:$false
    Write-Host "Initialized and formatted Disk $($Disk.Number)" -ForegroundColor Green
}

# Initialize the quorum disk (smaller disk)
$QuorumDisk = Get-Disk | Where-Object { $_.PartitionStyle -eq "RAW" -and $_.Size -le 5GB }
if ($QuorumDisk) {
    Initialize-Disk -Number $QuorumDisk.Number -PartitionStyle GPT
    $Partition = New-Partition -DiskNumber $QuorumDisk.Number -UseMaximumSize
    Format-Volume -Partition $Partition -FileSystem NTFS `
        -NewFileSystemLabel "Quorum" -Confirm:$false
}

# Add available disks to the cluster
Get-ClusterAvailableDisk | Add-ClusterDisk

# Verify cluster disks
Get-ClusterResource | Where-Object { $_.ResourceType -eq "Physical Disk" } |
    Format-Table Name, State, OwnerNode -AutoSize

# Convert cluster disks to Cluster Shared Volumes
# (Skip the quorum disk — that stays as a regular cluster disk)
$ClusterDisks = Get-ClusterResource |
    Where-Object { $_.ResourceType -eq "Physical Disk" -and $_.Name -notlike "*Quorum*" }

foreach ($Disk in $ClusterDisks) {
    Add-ClusterSharedVolume -Name $Disk.Name
    Write-Host "Converted $($Disk.Name) to CSV" -ForegroundColor Green
}

# Verify CSVs
Get-ClusterSharedVolume | Format-Table Name, State, OwnerNode -AutoSize

# Check CSV paths
Get-ChildItem "C:\ClusterStorage" | Format-Table Name, FullName -AutoSize

# Option A: Disk witness (if you have a small shared disk)
$QuorumResource = Get-ClusterResource |
    Where-Object { $_.ResourceType -eq "Physical Disk" -and $_.Name -like "*Quorum*" }
if ($QuorumResource) {
    Set-ClusterQuorum -DiskWitness $QuorumResource.Name
    Write-Host "Quorum configured with disk witness." -ForegroundColor Green
}

# Option B: File Share Witness (if you have a file server)
# Set-ClusterQuorum -FileShareWitness "\\fileserver\ClusterQuorum"

# Option C: Cloud Witness (Azure storage account — great for production)
# Set-ClusterQuorum -CloudWitness `
#     -AccountName "storageaccountname" `
#     -AccessKey "storageaccountkey" `
#     -Endpoint "core.windows.net"

# Verify quorum configuration
Get-ClusterQuorum | Format-List *

Get-ClusterSharedVolume | Format-Table Name, State, OwnerNode
Get-ClusterQuorum | Format-List ClusterQuorumType, QuorumResource
# CSVs should be Online, quorum should be configured

# ============================================================
# Create a Highly Available VM
# ============================================================

$VMName = "POC-TestVM-01"
$CSVPath = (Get-ClusterSharedVolume | Select-Object -First 1).SharedVolumeInfo.FriendlyVolumeName

# Create VM directory structure on CSV
$VMPath = Join-Path $CSVPath "VMs\$VMName"
New-Item -Path $VMPath -ItemType Directory -Force

# Create the VM
New-VM -Name $VMName `
    -MemoryStartupBytes 2GB `
    -NewVHDPath "$VMPath\$VMName.vhdx" `
    -NewVHDSizeBytes 40GB `
    -SwitchName "SET-Switch" `
    -Generation 2 `
    -Path $VMPath

# Configure VM settings
Set-VM -Name $VMName `
    -ProcessorCount 2 `
    -DynamicMemory `
    -MemoryMinimumBytes 512MB `
    -MemoryMaximumBytes 4GB `
    -AutomaticStartAction Start `
    -AutomaticStopAction ShutDown

# Add the VM to the cluster (makes it highly available)
Add-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -VMName $VMName

# Verify the VM is a cluster resource
Get-ClusterGroup $VMName | Format-Table Name, State, OwnerNode -AutoSize

Write-Host "VM $VMName created and added to cluster." -ForegroundColor Green

# If you have a guest OS ISO:
$ISOPath = "C:\ISOs\WindowsServer2025.iso"  # or any OS ISO
if (Test-Path $ISOPath) {
    Add-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName -Path $ISOPath

    # Set boot order for Gen 2 VM (boot from DVD first)
    $DVDDrive = Get-VMDvdDrive -VMName $VMName
    Set-VMFirmware -VMName $VMName -FirstBootDevice $DVDDrive
}

# Start the VM
Start-VM -Name $VMName

# Connect to the console
# vmconnect localhost $VMName  # Run from Desktop Experience host

Get-ClusterGroup $VMName | Format-Table Name, State, OwnerNode
Get-VM $VMName | Format-Table Name, State, CPUUsage, MemoryAssigned
# VM should be Running as a cluster group

# ============================================================
# Live Migration Test
# ============================================================

$VMName = "POC-TestVM-01"

# Check current owner
$CurrentOwner = (Get-ClusterGroup $VMName).OwnerNode
Write-Host "VM is currently on: $CurrentOwner" -ForegroundColor Cyan

# Determine the target node
$TargetNode = (Get-ClusterNode | Where-Object { $_.Name -ne $CurrentOwner }).Name
Write-Host "Migrating to: $TargetNode" -ForegroundColor Yellow

# Time the live migration
$Stopwatch = [System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch]::StartNew()
Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -Name $VMName -Node $TargetNode -MigrationType Live
$Stopwatch.Stop()

# Verify
$NewOwner = (Get-ClusterGroup $VMName).OwnerNode
Write-Host "Migration complete in $($Stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds) seconds." -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host "VM is now on: $NewOwner" -ForegroundColor Green

# If the guest OS is running, ping it during migration to verify no connectivity loss
# From another machine: ping -t <VM-IP-Address>

# ============================================================
# Simulated Failover Test
# ============================================================

$VMName = "POC-TestVM-01"
$CurrentOwner = (Get-ClusterGroup $VMName).OwnerNode

Write-Host "Simulating failure of node: $CurrentOwner" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Write-Host "VM should automatically move to the other node." -ForegroundColor Yellow

# Stop the cluster service on the current owner (simulates node failure)
# WARNING: This will move ALL resources off this node
Invoke-Command -ComputerName $CurrentOwner -ScriptBlock {
    Stop-Service ClusSvc -Force
}

# Wait for failover
Start-Sleep -Seconds 15

# Check where the VM ended up
$NewOwner = (Get-ClusterGroup $VMName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).OwnerNode
$State = (Get-ClusterGroup $VMName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).State

Write-Host "VM is now on: $NewOwner (State: $State)" -ForegroundColor $(if ($State -eq 'Online') { 'Green' } else { 'Yellow' })

# Restart the cluster service on the "failed" node
Invoke-Command -ComputerName $CurrentOwner -ScriptBlock {
    Start-Service ClusSvc
}

# Wait for the node to rejoin
Start-Sleep -Seconds 15
Get-ClusterNode | Format-Table Name, State -AutoSize

# Quick migration moves the VM with a brief pause (saves state, moves, restores)
Move-ClusterVirtualMachineRole -Name $VMName -Node "HV-NODE-01" -MigrationType Quick

Get-ClusterNode | Format-Table Name, State
Get-ClusterGroup $VMName | Format-Table Name, State, OwnerNode
# Both nodes should be Up, VM should be Online

# ============================================================
# Final POC Validation Report
# ============================================================

Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "  HYPER-V POC VALIDATION REPORT" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan

# Cluster Health
Write-Host "`n--- Cluster Status ---" -ForegroundColor White
$Cluster = Get-Cluster
Write-Host "  Cluster Name: $($Cluster.Name)"
Write-Host "  Domain: $($Cluster.Domain)"

# Node Status
Write-Host "`n--- Node Status ---" -ForegroundColor White
Get-ClusterNode | ForEach-Object {
    $color = if ($_.State -eq "Up") { "Green" } else { "Red" }
    Write-Host "  $($_.Name): $($_.State)" -ForegroundColor $color
}

# CSV Status
Write-Host "`n--- Cluster Shared Volumes ---" -ForegroundColor White
Get-ClusterSharedVolume | ForEach-Object {
    $color = if ($_.State -eq "Online") { "Green" } else { "Red" }
    $Info = $_.SharedVolumeInfo
    Write-Host "  $($_.Name): $($_.State) on $($_.OwnerNode)" -ForegroundColor $color
    Write-Host "    Path: $($Info.FriendlyVolumeName)"
    Write-Host "    Size: $([math]::Round($Info.Partition.Size/1GB, 2)) GB | Free: $([math]::Round($Info.Partition.FreeSpace/1GB, 2)) GB"
}

# Quorum
Write-Host "`n--- Quorum ---" -ForegroundColor White
$Quorum = Get-ClusterQuorum
Write-Host "  Type: $($Quorum.QuorumType)"
Write-Host "  Resource: $($Quorum.QuorumResource)"

# VMs
Write-Host "`n--- Virtual Machines ---" -ForegroundColor White
Get-ClusterGroup | Where-Object { $_.GroupType -eq "VirtualMachine" } | ForEach-Object {
    $color = if ($_.State -eq "Online") { "Green" } else { "Yellow" }
    Write-Host "  $($_.Name): $($_.State) on $($_.OwnerNode)" -ForegroundColor $color
}

# Network
Write-Host "`n--- Cluster Networks ---" -ForegroundColor White
Get-ClusterNetwork | ForEach-Object {
    Write-Host "  $($_.Name): $($_.State) - Role: $($_.Role)" -ForegroundColor White
}

Write-Host "`n========================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "  POC VALIDATION COMPLETE" -ForegroundColor Cyan
Write-Host "========================================" -ForegroundColor Cyan